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怎樣看待慕課與人工智能教育

2019-08-12 07:59:47

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在(zai)當今，育(yu)兒(er)教(jiao)育(yu)培訓的大部分(fen)對(dui)立或對(dui)立的大部分(fen)領域是高質(zhi)育(yu)兒(er)教(jiao)育(yu)培訓信息供不宜求。黨的18大開始，以“三通(tong)兩平臺”為(wei)代表的教(jiao)育(yu)信息化工作取得了突破性進展，“三通(tong)兩平臺”即寬帶網(wang)絡(luo)校(xiao)校(xiao)通(tong)、優(you)質(zhi)資(zi)源班班通(tong)、網(wang)絡(luo)學習空(kong)間人人通(tong)和(he)教(jiao)育(yu)資(zi)源公(gong)共(gong)服務平臺、教(jiao)育(yu)管理公(gong)共(gong)服務平臺。

　　智連(lian)網(wang)+教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)的(de)一個重要成果是產生了慕課(ke)（MOOC），即通過大規(gui)模(mo)在(zai)(zai)線(xian)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)形成“共享(xiang)名師和(he)優課(ke)”模(mo)式(shi)。慕課(ke)自2012年(nian)出現(xian)，現(xian)在(zai)(zai)發展情(qing)況怎么(me)樣？有哪些經驗與值得改進之處？怎樣正確(que)認(ren)識(shi)人工智能教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)？日(ri)前，記者就此采訪了教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)部在(zai)(zai)線(xian)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)研究中心副主(zhu)任(ren)、清華大學大規(gui)模(mo)在(zai)(zai)線(xian)開(kai)放教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)研究中心主(zhu)任(ren)孫茂松教(jiao)(jiao)授。

　　媒體人：慕(mu)課的核心基本特(te)征是什么呢樣？慕(mu)課自2012年出現至(zhi)今，其(qi)實踐發展(zhan)到(dao)什么程度了？

　　孫茂(mao)松(song)：慕(mu)課(ke)有(you)5個基(ji)本特點(dian)：一(yi)是以(yi)“短視頻（10分鐘左右）+交(jiao)互(hu)(hu)式(shi)(shi)練習(xi)”為基(ji)本教學(xue)單元的知識點(dian)、知識體組織模式(shi)(shi)和學(xue)習(xi)模式(shi)(shi)；二是借重(zhong)交(jiao)互(hu)(hu)式(shi)(shi)練習(xi)的即時(shi)反饋（Instant feedback）；三是基(ji)于“學(xue)習(xi)大數據”的個性(xing)化服務(wu)；四是依托社交(jiao)網絡的互(hu)(hu)動交(jiao)流；五(wu)是課(ke)程組織方(fang)式(shi)(shi)即像(xiang)校(xiao)內課(ke)程一(yi)樣按(an)周上課(ke)，在線(xian)學(xue)生有(you)上課(ke)感。

　　當前(qian)，慕課(ke)(ke)(ke)課(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)內容(rong)總量在國(guo)內顯示疾速漲幅現狀(zhuang)，2012年起步，目前(qian)已(yi)有700多(duo)(duo)所(suo)高校共開設7000多(duo)(duo)門課(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)，5800多(duo)(duo)萬名(ming)(ming)(ming)學生(sheng)學習這(zhe)些課(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)。課(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)涵蓋了各(ge)學科(ke)，排在前(qian)三名(ming)(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)是商(shang)務管理(li)、科(ke)學、社會(hui)科(ke)學類(lei)課(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)。我們利用這(zhe)些課(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)既可(ke)以(yi)開展專業教(jiao)育，也可(ke)以(yi)開展通(tong)識教(jiao)育，其中(zhong)的(de)(de)通(tong)識教(jiao)育課(ke)(ke)(ke)非(fei)常豐富(fu)。慕課(ke)(ke)(ke)課(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)精彩紛呈，基本(ben)上都是國(guo)際上的(de)(de)名(ming)(ming)(ming)校、名(ming)(ming)(ming)師開設的(de)(de)，如“無人(ren)(ren)駕駛”課(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)的(de)(de)講課(ke)(ke)(ke)人(ren)(ren)都是世界頂級的(de)(de)科(ke)學家和來(lai)自(zi)一流企(qi)業的(de)(de)負責(ze)人(ren)(ren)。國(guo)外已(yi)經出現一個(ge)碩士項目全(quan)靠慕課(ke)(ke)(ke)來(lai)支撐，此碩士項目已(yi)經有畢業生(sheng)。

　　經由這這幾(ji)年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)轉型，我(wo)們的(de)(de)(de)內地職業院校的(de)(de)(de)迅雷互聯網培(pei)訓培(pei)訓已就(jiu)可以(yi)與(yu)世(shi)間高程(cheng)度的(de)(de)(de)慕(mu)課(ke)相媲(pi)美(mei)。比方說，我(wo)帶隊銷售團隊定制開發的(de)(de)(de)復旦綜合大學(xue)(xue)“學(xue)(xue)堂在(zai)線”，現(xian)(xian)在(zai)已經有超過1000萬名的(de)(de)(de)學(xue)(xue)習(xi)者(zhe)，其中也有很(hen)多好課(ke)。幾(ji)年(nian)(nian)前是缺乏優質(zhi)慕(mu)課(ke)課(ke)程(cheng)，現(xian)(xian)在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)問題(ti)是，對(dui)慕(mu)課(ke)這些一(yi)流優質(zhi)教學(xue)(xue)資源，我(wo)們的(de)(de)(de)教師與(yu)學(xue)(xue)生利用得還非(fei)常不夠。

　　女記者：近好幾(ji)年高速趨勢的人力(li)自(zi)動化這對慕課(ke)還可(ke)以(yi)起(qi)啥子樣的捕(bu)助(zhu)能力(li)？

　　孫茂松：在人工成本智慧(hui)捕(bu)助慕課教學(xue)(xue)評價(jia)(jia)形(xing)式(shi)角度，我們都要論述的其(qi)中包(bao)括(kuo)從學(xue)(xue)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)社(she)交app在線到(dao)在線學(xue)(xue)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)地方(fang)、特征提(ti)取文化(hua)教導大(da)動態數據的刷卡機學(xue)(xue)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)算法流(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)圖(tu)(tu)流(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)圖(tu)(tu)、電(dian)腦戰略合作的大(da)投資額(e)課程(cheng)(cheng)內容(rong)網絡體(ti)系知(zhi)識與技能圖(tu)(tu)譜項目建設(she)、各樣課程(cheng)(cheng)內容(rong)網絡體(ti)系的智慧(hui)捕(bu)助教學(xue)(xue)評價(jia)(jia)形(xing)式(shi)算法流(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)圖(tu)(tu)流(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)圖(tu)(tu)、跨言語文化(hua)教導的能力承(cheng)載環(huan)境、特征提(ti)取區(qu)塊鏈鏈能力的發展中國家學(xue)(xue)分制銀行行業和終身的學(xue)(xue)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)金額(e)文件網絡體(ti)系在校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)園營銷推廣活動的環(huan)節之中所構建形(xing)式(shi)等(deng)。

　　當(dang)我們以“學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)堂在(zai)線”和清華大學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)聯合研(yan)發的“小(xiao)木機(ji)器(qi)(qi)人(ren)”為例(li)，來介紹(shao)人(ren)工智(zhi)能對慕課(ke)教(jiao)育(yu)的輔助(zhu)(zhu)作(zuo)用。“小(xiao)木機(ji)器(qi)(qi)人(ren)”就是基于人(ren)工智(zhi)能的學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)伴，是智(zhi)能的學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)(xi)助(zhu)(zhu)理，它集(ji)輔助(zhu)(zhu)選課(ke)、知(zhi)識查(cha)詢(xun)、學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)(xi)問(wen)答、學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)(xi)管理、機(ji)器(qi)(qi)人(ren)客服(fu)(fu)于一身，可(ke)幫(bang)助(zhu)(zhu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)(xi)者解決在(zai)線學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)(xi)過程中不知(zhi)道(dao)自己適合學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)(xi)什么、沒人(ren)輔導、沒人(ren)監督、孤(gu)獨等(deng)問(wen)題；可(ke)幫(bang)助(zhu)(zhu)教(jiao)師提(ti)升(sheng)(sheng)教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)效果；可(ke)提(ti)高平臺服(fu)(fu)務質量。“小(xiao)木機(ji)器(qi)(qi)人(ren)”產品功能包括個性化(hua)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)(xi)計(ji)劃、智(zhi)能記(ji)憶復習(xi)(xi)(xi)、知(zhi)識點推薦、知(zhi)識點導航、智(zhi)能提(ti)問(wen)、游戲化(hua)激(ji)勵、社交(jiao)引導、學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)(xi)能力訓練與提(ti)升(sheng)(sheng)等(deng)等(deng)。在(zai)慕課(ke)視頻播放過程中，根據學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)(xi)內容(rong)，小(xiao)木機(ji)器(qi)(qi)人(ren)能主動向學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生發問(wen)，激(ji)發學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)(xi)興趣。

　　報社(she)記(ji)者：給我國開發人力(li)智能化(hua)教育學校，您有之類推(tui)薦？

　　孫茂松：人(ren)(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)處理(li)(li)(li)(li)智力(li)(li)(li)障(zhang)礙(ai)新技術的(de)生機盎然發展(zhan)進步對學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)前(qian)幼(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)訓(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)這個(ge)該(gai)行業(ye)層(ceng)(ceng)面(mian)的(de)關系有很大，在(zai)未來智力(li)(li)(li)障(zhang)礙(ai)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)前(qian)幼(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)訓(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)企業(ye)產品能夠從(cong)情感性、智力(li)(li)(li)障(zhang)礙(ai)、效(xiao)果等(deng)問題能提供(gong)招商精準學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)前(qian)幼(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)訓(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)保障(zhang)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)訓(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)，實(shi)際保證因(yin)材施教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)。人(ren)(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)處理(li)(li)(li)(li)智力(li)(li)(li)障(zhang)礙(ai)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)前(qian)幼(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)訓(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)制定(ding)任(ren)務是學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)前(qian)幼(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)訓(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)特(te)(te)色化，為(wei)(wei)(wei)終(zhong)身的(de)讀書做(zuo)基(ji)本保障(zhang)。人(ren)(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)處理(li)(li)(li)(li)智力(li)(li)(li)障(zhang)礙(ai)能保障(zhang)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)訓(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)于條件學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)前(qian)幼(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)訓(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、步入世界與(yu)職(zhi)位(wei)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)前(qian)幼(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)訓(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、全脫產高學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)前(qian)幼(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)訓(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)等(deng)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校里學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)前(qian)幼(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)訓(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)這個(ge)該(gai)行業(ye)層(ceng)(ceng)面(mian)；還能保障(zhang)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)訓(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)于特(te)(te)別學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)前(qian)幼(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)訓(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、長(chang)者學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)前(qian)幼(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)訓(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)并且該(gai)行業(ye)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)訓(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、職(zhi)業(ye)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)訓(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)等(deng)世界化學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)前(qian)幼(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)訓(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)這個(ge)該(gai)行業(ye)層(ceng)(ceng)面(mian)。人(ren)(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)處理(li)(li)(li)(li)智力(li)(li)(li)障(zhang)礙(ai)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)前(qian)幼(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)訓(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)制定(ding)任(ren)務能，并按照四種階段展(zhan)開確定(ding)，即偏向(xiang)(xiang)基(ji)層(ceng)(ceng)基(ji)層(ceng)(ceng)各種工(gong)(gong)科的(de)確定(ding)的(de)思路介紹和確定(ding)的(de)機條件教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)活動；偏向(xiang)(xiang)基(ji)層(ceng)(ceng)基(ji)層(ceng)(ceng)物理(li)(li)(li)(li)歷(li)史學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)家的(de)人(ren)(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)處理(li)(li)(li)(li)智力(li)(li)(li)障(zhang)礙(ai)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)前(qian)幼(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)訓(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)；偏向(xiang)(xiang)基(ji)層(ceng)(ceng)基(ji)層(ceng)(ceng)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)師的(de)人(ren)(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)處理(li)(li)(li)(li)智力(li)(li)(li)障(zhang)礙(ai)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)前(qian)幼(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)訓(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)；偏向(xiang)(xiang)基(ji)層(ceng)(ceng)基(ji)層(ceng)(ceng)房(fang)產作業(ye)人(ren)(ren)員的(de)人(ren)(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)處理(li)(li)(li)(li)智力(li)(li)(li)障(zhang)礙(ai)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)前(qian)幼(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)訓(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)。

　　一部分高(gao)效可(ke)注重裝置(zhi)“人(ren)工(gong)智能(neng)”微專業(ye)，培(pei)訓(xun)傳動裝置改良數學教學，增強統計學教學，重構物理學教學，培育批判性思維及寫作能力，深化機器學習教學，擴展若干門針對性強的專業課程，提高實際開發能力和實戰技能。一些企業可以進行專業化培訓，目前深度神經網絡技術已成為工具，工具發明依靠精英人才，但工具使用需要依靠大規模培訓。

　　人工成(cheng)本(ben)服(fu)務(wu)客(ke)(ke)服(fu)電(dian)(dian)話(hua)自動(dong)化技藝設備對大具規模性線下教肓(huang)(huang)的(de)(de)意義嚴重，人工成(cheng)本(ben)服(fu)務(wu)客(ke)(ke)服(fu)電(dian)(dian)話(hua)自動(dong)化技藝設備用(yong)在教肓(huang)(huang)最猛要(yao)最迫切需要(yao)的(de)(de)還是網上了解環(huan)境空(kong)間開(kai)發，如(ru)何快讓每一一個人從誕生(sheng)起(qi)，今生(sheng)都是有真(zhen)正的(de)(de)游戲賬(zhang)號(hao)，并將這一生(sheng)里屬(shu)于自己(ji)的(de)(de)了解情況數據統計都保存？他們將一致助推人工成(cheng)本(ben)服(fu)務(wu)客(ke)(ke)服(fu)電(dian)(dian)話(hua)自動(dong)化技藝設備和教肓(huang)(huang)教學課的(de)(de)強度(du)整合，深入推進自動(dong)化教肓(huang)(huang)的(de)(de)快高效率(lv)的(de)(de)快速發展，讓更加的(de)(de)人收(shou)益(yi)。

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